1、交流發(fā)電機的工作原理
1. Working principle of alternator
交流發(fā)電機由電樞線圈(定子)和勵磁線圈(轉(zhuǎn)子)二部分組成，如果在勵磁線圈中間通過直流電，就會產(chǎn)生一個電磁場，如果勵磁線圈不斷轉(zhuǎn)動，這個電磁場就形成了一個旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場，根據(jù)電磁感應(yīng)定律，導(dǎo)體和磁場發(fā)生相互切割，就會產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電動勢，因此發(fā)電機中的旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場和電樞線圈相互切割，在發(fā)電機的電樞線圈就會有感應(yīng)電動勢產(chǎn)生。
The alternator is composed of armature coil (stator) and excitation coil (rotor). If DC current passes through the middle of the excitation coil, an electromagnetic field will be generated. If the excitation coil rotates continuously, the electromagnetic field will form a rotating magnetic field. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the conductor and magnetic field will cut each other, and the induced electromotive force will be generated. Therefore, the rotating magnetic field and armature coil in the generator are cut each other, There will be induced electromotive force in the armature coil of the generator.
可見，感應(yīng)電動勢的大小和磁通成正比，和發(fā)電機的轉(zhuǎn)速成正比。一般都是通過調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機的勵磁電流，改變磁通大小，就可以調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機的感應(yīng)電動勢，從而調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)電機的輸出電壓。發(fā)電機的A．V．R裝置就是通過自動調(diào)節(jié)勵磁電流來穩(wěn)定發(fā)電機的輸出電壓。
It can be seen that the size of the induced electromotive force is proportional to the magnetic flux and the speed of the generator. Generally, the induced electromotive force of the generator can be adjusted by adjusting the excitation current of the generator and changing the magnetic flux, so as to adjust the output voltage of the generator. The A.V.R device of the generator stabilizes the output voltage of the generator by automatically adjusting the excitation current.
發(fā)電機的輸出電壓U=E-IX 發(fā)電機的輸出頻率 f=n/60×p
Output voltage of generator U=E-IX Output frequency of generator f=n/60 × p
2、交流無刷發(fā)電機
2. AC brushless generator

現(xiàn)在國外的發(fā)電機技術(shù)都是生產(chǎn)交流無刷發(fā)電機。顧名思義，“無刷”就是這種發(fā)電機沒有炭刷和滑環(huán)。無刷發(fā)電機的結(jié)構(gòu)不同于其它各種有刷的交流同步發(fā)電機。它是由主發(fā)電機、勵磁發(fā)電機及旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器組成。主發(fā)電機的勵磁由勵磁發(fā)電機產(chǎn)生的交流，經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器進行三相橋式整流后變成直流，直接輸入主發(fā)電機的勵磁繞組(轉(zhuǎn)子繞組)。使主發(fā)電機能夠發(fā)電。
At present, foreign generator technology is to produce AC brushless generator. As the name implies, "brushless" means that the generator has no carbon brush and slip ring. The structure of brushless generator is different from other kinds of brushless AC synchronous generators. It is composed of main generator, excitation generator and rotating rectifier. The excitation of the main generator is converted from the AC generated by the excitation generator to DC after three-phase bridge rectification by the rotating rectifier, and then directly input into the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator. Enable the main generator to generate electricity.
勵磁發(fā)電機與一般的交流發(fā)電機結(jié)構(gòu)有所不同，其定子為勵磁繞組，轉(zhuǎn)子為電樞繞組，因而可以將勵磁發(fā)電機的電樞繞組、旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器及主發(fā)電機的勵磁繞組(轉(zhuǎn)子繞組)三者共同安裝在一個公共軸上，這樣就可以改變了傳統(tǒng)的勵磁電流由炭刷和滑環(huán)緊密接觸輸入轉(zhuǎn)子繞組的勵磁方式。進一步提高了發(fā)電機運行的可靠性，獲得了比較好的電氣性能。
The structure of the excitation generator is different from that of the general alternator. Its stator is the excitation winding and the rotor is the armature winding. Therefore, the armature winding of the excitation generator, the rotating rectifier and the excitation winding (rotor winding) of the main generator can be installed on a common axis together, which can change the traditional excitation method that the excitation current is input into the rotor winding through close contact between the carbon brush and the slip ring. The reliability of generator operation is further improved and good electrical performance is obtained.
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